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Death came from sea, air and ground: A timeline of surprise attack by Hamas on Israel_我的网站

一 |     　　随着高水平对外开放深入推进，中国企业海外布局已从产品出口和项目投资，逐步扩展到资源权益、生产设施、研发平台、知识产权、数据系统、品牌渠道和物流网络建设等多种形态。    As Israelis were wrapping up the seven-day-long Jewish festival of Sukkot on Saturday, sirens echoed across the country just before dawn, and citizens soon realized it was not a false alarm. A full-fledged surprise attack was being waged from the air, sea and ground by hoards of Hamas militants.Thousands of missiles fired from Gaza streaked through the sky and began raining down on indiscriminate targets in Israel, sparking terror and leaving hundreds of bodies in the streets of cities and buildings decimated. Simultaneously, hundreds of armed fighters of the terrorist group, many on motorcycles, followed bulldozers that breached fences separating Israel from Gaza and charged into cities, taking Israeli soldiers off guard and gunning down citizens.On ABC News Live at 8:30 p.m. on Thursday, Oct. 12, ABC News' James Longman, Matt Gutman and Ian Pannell look at the horrendous toll from Hamas' massacre, the Israelis and Palestinians caught in the middle and what comes next.The lightning-quick, multi-pronged ambush also included dozens of Hamas militants in motorboats storming Israeli beaches and engaging in fierce firefights with Israeli forces. Other armed Hamas attackers swooped into Israel through the smoke-filled skies on paragliders.As those under attack rushed to safe rooms and bomb shelters, groups of terrorists infiltrating the county marched into towns and into kibbutz after kibbutz, opening fire on homes and killing Israeli citizens at random. Militants burst into houses, shooting residents begging for their lives and taking others -- including women, children and the elderly -- hostage, driving the terrified captives back into Gaza as many of them screamed for help.A music festival where hundreds of Israeli young people danced through the night into the break of dawn suddenly became a shooting gallery for the Hamas militants, who arrived in vans with their guns blazing, mowing down 260 partygoers and abducting others.Hamas leaders are now threatening to kill the hostages one by one and film the executions if their demands are not met.In one of the hardest-hit kibbutzim, Kfar Aza, near the Gaza border, where ABC News was allowed in on Tuesday, entire Israeli families were slaughtered and bodies of militants killed in the attack remained sprawled in the streets, some next to crashed motorcycles. Nearly every home in Kfar Aza was bullet-riddled, and a gaping hole in a nearby border fence remained open and guarded by Israeli soldiers still engaging in intense firefights with the enemy.The bodies of numerous Hamas fighters have been found along the border, killed in chaotic battles since Saturday, the Israel Defense Forces said.Within hours of the attack that shocked the world, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was calling it a "dark day" for his country and declaring war on Hamas. A veteran Israeli military official deemed the assault "our 9/11.""We have begun the process of naming and counting the dead, both soldiers and civilians. We are talking about unprecedented numbers, numbers that up until two days ago seemed totally fictional and unimaginable," Lt. Col. Jonathan Conricus, a spokesperson for the IDF, told ABC News on Sunday.As of Thursday morning, the death toll in Israel stood at more than 1,200, officials said. Another 2,900 people were injured in Israel. Among the dead are at least 27 American citizens, John Kirby, spokesperson for the U.S. National Security Council, said Thursday afternoon. An undetermined number of Americans were taken hostage, U.S. officials said.In Gaza, at least 1,417 people have died and 6,000 others have been injured since the retaliatory airstrikes by Israel began, the Palestinian Health Ministry said Thursday. At least 447 of the dead in Gaza are children and 248 are women, the health ministry said.The Hamas attack was launched on the 50th anniversary of the 1973 Yom Kippur War that pitted Israel against Egypt and Syria.Here is a timeline of events in the rapidly changing conflict enveloping Israel and the Palestinian Gaza Strip territory:

A barrage of rockets

Oct. 7, 6:30 a.m. in Israel

Air raid sirens began sounding in Jerusalem around 6:30 a.m. local time, warning citizens of the attack in progress and to immediately take cover. An estimated 2,200 rockets were fired toward southern and central Israel, including Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, by the Hamas militants, according to the Israel Defense Forces. Meanwhile, Hamas claimed at least 5,000 rockets were fired, all landing in southern and central Israel.One missile slammed into a hospital in the Israeli coastal town of Ashkelon, Israeli officials said.Armed Hamas militants, many on motorcycles, storm blockaded areas of the Gaza Strip, shooting at Jewish settlers in the Gaza Strip, officials said. Video footage surfaces of Hamas militants taking Israeli citizens -- including mothers, children and the elderly -- hostage and taking them across the Gaza border.In one of its first public messages, the IDF said Saturday morning, "Over the past hour, the Hamas terrorist organization launched massive barrages of rockets from Gaza into Israel, and its terrorist operatives have infiltrated into Israel in a number of different locations in the south." Videos posted online captured hundreds of Hamas soldiers breaching the Israeli border from Gaza by boat, pickup trucks and even motorized paragliders.

Oct. 7, shortly after the attack begins

Mohammed Deif, commander in chief of the Hamas' military arm Al Qassam Brigades, releases a video statement claiming responsibility for the attack."The Zionist colonial occupation occupied our Palestinian homeland and displaced our people, destroyed our towns and villages, committed hundreds of massacres against our people, killing children, women and elderly people and demolishing homes with their inhabitants inside in violation of all international norms, laws and human rights conventions," Mohammed Deif said in his statement.

'Israel is at war'

Oct. 7, about 10:30 a.m. local time

Israeli jet fighters launched retaliatory strikes in Gaza. Video surfaces of a high-rise residential building and the Al-Sousi Mosque in Gaza City being bombed and flattened by Israeli airstrikes

Oct. 7, around 11:30 a.m. in Israel

Netanyahu makes his first public statement, telling his country, "Israel is at war.""This is not a so-called military operation, not another round of fighting, but war," Netanyahu says.

Oct. 7, around 8:30 p.m. ET

U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin releases a statement saying he is "closely monitoring" the situation in Israel and extends his condolences to the families of those who have lost their lives in Israel."Over the coming days, the Department of Defense will work to ensure that Israel has what it needs to defend itself and protect civilians from indiscriminate violence and terrorism," Austin said.Separately, a U.S. defense official said that Austin had a call with his team Saturday morning, including U.S. Centcom Commander Gen. Eric Kurilla. Israel falls under CENTCOM's area of responsibility.

Oct. 7, around 9:30 a.m. ET

The White House announces that President Joe Biden has been briefed by senior national security officials "on the appalling Hamas terrorist attacks in Israel."

Oct. 7, just after 10 a.m. ET

U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken issues a statement condemning Hamas' attack on Israel, saying the U.S. will "remain in close contact with our Israel partners.""The United States unequivocally condemns the appalling attacks by Hamas terrorists against Israel, including civilians and civilian communities. There is never any justification for terrorism. We stand in solidarity with the government and people of Israel, and extend our condolences for the Israeli lives lost in these attacks," Blinken said in a statement.

Oct. 7, around 11 a.m. ET

The White House announces that Biden had spoken with Netanyahu, telling the prime minister the U.S. "condemns" Hamas' assault on Israel."I made clear to Prime Minister Netanyahu that we stand ready to offer all appropriate means of support to the Government and people of Israel. Terrorism is never justified. Israel has a right to defend itself and its people. The United States warns against any other party hostile to Israel seeking advantage in this situation. My Administration's support for Israel's security is rock solid and unwavering," Biden said in a televised statement.

'We will win'

Oct. 7, around 5 p.m. ET

Netanyahu makes a televised address in Israel, repeating his earlier statement that Israel is at war and adding, "We will win.""This morning, Hamas launched a murderous surprise attack against the State of Israel and its citizens," Netanyahu said. "We have been in this since the early morning hours. I convened the heads of the security establishment and ordered -- first of all -- to clear out the communities that have been infiltrated by terrorists. This currently is being carried out. At the same time, I have ordered an extensive mobilization of reserves and that we return fire of a magnitude that the enemy has not known. The enemy will pay an unprecedented price. In the meantime, I call on the citizens of Israel to strictly adhere to the directives of the IDF and Home Front Command. We are at war and we will win it."

30 Israeli police killed in fighting

Oct. 8, around 5 a.m. ET

At least 30 Israeli police officers were killed in the fighting, mainly in Sderot, Israel, where Hamas gunmen took control of the police station.Israeli officials announce that fighting is ongoing Sunday morning in six places, including Sderot -- which sits just 2 miles from the border with Gaza -- and that a rocket injured four people on Sunday morning.

Oct. 8, around 9 a.m. ET

The Israeli government confirmed that a number of civilians and soldiers have been taken hostage. At least 100 Israeli citizens and soldiers are being held hostage by Hamas fighters, Israel's Government Press Office said Sunday.Videos posted online show a packed all-night music festival in a desert in southern Israel near the Gaza border being attacked by rockets and armed Hamas fighters on the ground. The footage showed women and children being dragged away in vehicles and driven back into Gaza.Israeli rescue service Zaka said at least 260 bodies were removed from the venue of the music festival following the attack.Blinken says on CNN's "State of the Union" and NBC's "Meet the Press" that the State Department is trying to confirm reports that Americans are among those killed or taken hostage.Blinken tells ABC's "This Week" anchor George Stephanopoulos that the U.S. has pledged its full support to Israel."This is a massive terrorist attack that is gunning down Israeli civilians in their towns, in their homes, and as we've seen, so graphically, literally dragging people across the border with Gaza, including a Holocaust survivor in a wheelchair, women and children," Blinken said on "This Week."He adds, "The world should be revolted at what it's seen."

Oct. 8, around 1 p.m. ET

Israeli health officials announce that more than 700 people are dead in Israel and over 2,100 others injured. The Palestinian Health Authority said there are 370 people dead in Gaza and 2,200 others injured.

Oct. 9, morning

Air sirens sound in northern Israel, prompting residents to rush to safe rooms. Israel Defense Forces claim at least two rockets were fired toward northern Israel from Lebanon. One of the rockets, according to the IDF, landed in Lebanese territory."The IDF neutralized a number of terrorist infiltrators who crossed from Lebanon into Israel. We are defending our country and stand ready on all borders," the IDF said in a statement Monday posted on X, formerly known as Twitter.IDF helicopter gunships are attacking Lebanese territories, the IDF announces.The Lebanese Army announces Monday that missiles were fired from Israel in Lebanon."The outskirts of the towns of Al-Dhaira and Aita Al-Shaab and other border areas are being subjected to air and artillery bombardment by the Israeli enemy," the Lebanese Army said in a statement. "The Army Command calls on citizens to take the utmost precaution and caution and not to go to areas adjacent to the border in order to preserve their safety."There are no immediate reports of injuries.

Americans killed

Oct. 9, about 6 a.m. ET

At least nine Americans have been confirmed killed in Israel since Saturday as a result of attacks launched by the Hamas militant group, according to an official with the U.S. National Security Council."At this time, we can confirm the death of nine U.S. citizens," the official told ABC News in a statement on Monday. "We extend our deepest condolences to the victims and to the families of all those affected and wish those injured a speedy recovery. We continue to monitor the situation closely and remain in touch with our Israeli partners, particularly the local authorities."Two French citizens are among those killed in Israel, the French Foreign Ministry announces.One of the American citizens killed was identified as 32-year-old Hayim Katsman, who had been living in Israel, his mother told ABC News.Hannah Katsman said she initially thought her son had been taken captive, but later learned he had been killed when Hamas militants burst into his home and found him hiding with neighbors in his closet. She said she learned one of the neighbors was released, while her son and another female neighbor were immediately shot dead."I've been getting so many messages from people who worked with Hayim or who knew him, or who met him during their travels and how warm he was, how open," Hannah Katsman told ABC News. "He was a very accepting person and a very loyal friend. He had a good sense of humor. He took things in stride."

Oct, 9, about 8 a.m. ET

The Israel Defense Forces announces its jet fighters struck 130 targets in the Gaza Strip early Monday, many of them in the Al Furqan area, which serves as a hub for Hamas.Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant on Monday ordered a "complete siege" on Gaza. He said authorities would cut electricity to the region and block fuel and food from entering the Gaza Strip, home to 2.3 million Palestinians.In an interview with ABC News Monday, Lt. Col. Jonathan Conricus, spokesman for the Israel Defense Forces, said Israel is taking swift retribution for Hamas attacks."It is an unprecedented attack," Conricus said. "And it will be followed by an unprecedented Israeli response against those bloodthirsty animals that have come across from Gaza and attacked our civilians."

Hamas threatens to kill hostages

Oct. 9, around 1 p.m. ET

Hamas says the group will start killing Israeli hostages one by one and film the executions unless Israel immediately stops shelling homes in Gaza without warning.In an update on the Israeli hostages taken by Hamas, Israel Defense Forces announces it has obtained information on every Israeli kidnapped and that it has notified 30 families so far.

Oct. 9, just after 1 p.m. ET

The Israel Defense Forces announces it has mobilized 300,000 reserves -- the largest and quickest call-up in Israel's history, according to an IDF spokesman.

Oct. 9, about 4 p.m. ET

President Joe Biden announces that at least 11 Americans are among those who were killed in Israel and that it's "likely" American citizens are among those being held hostage by Hamas."It's heart-wrenching. These families have been torn apart by inexcusable hatred and violence," Biden said in a statement. "We also know that American citizens still remain unaccounted for, and we are working with Israeli officials to obtain more information as to their whereabouts. My heart goes out to every family impacted by the horrible events of the past few days. The pain these families have endured, the enormity of their loss, and the agony of those still awaiting information is unfathomable."

'Pure, unadulterated evil'

Oct. 10, just after 3 p.m. ET

At least 14 Americans have been killed in the terrorist attacks and that an undetermined number had been taken hostage, President Biden said Tuesday."We now know that American citizens are among those being held by Hamas," Biden said. "I've directed my team to share intelligence and deploy additional experts from across the United States government to consult with and advise Israeli counterparts on hostage recovery efforts. Because as president, I have no higher priority than the safety of Americans being held hostage around the world."Biden said the atrocities committed by Hamas fighters included the "slaughter" of men, women and entire families, as well as "stomach-churning reports of babies being killed.""There are moments in this life, I mean this literally when the pure, unadulterated evil is unleashed on this world," said Biden, flanked by Vice President Kamala Harris and Secretary of State Antony Blinken. "The people of Israel lived through one such moment this weekend."Biden added, "We will make sure the Jewish and democratic state of Israel can defend itself today and tomorrow."Following Biden's address, White House national security adviser Jake Sullivan told reporters that at least 20 Americans remain unaccounted for in Israel, but emphasized that not all of them are believed to be Hamas hostages. He said a precise number of U.S. hostages is still being investigated.

Oct. 10, around 4 p.m. ET

Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant tours southern Israel along the Gaza border, telling soldiers they are moving to "a full-scale response" to the Hamas surprise attack and that he has "removed every restriction.""Hamas wanted to see a change in Gaza -- the reality is Gaza will make a 180. They will regret [their actions]," Gallant says.He adds, "We will not allow a reality in which Israeli children are murdered. I have removed every restriction. We will eliminate anyone who fights us, and use every measure at our disposal. Anyone who decapitates citizens, or murders women and Holocaust survivors -- will be eliminated."Gallant's comments come as IDF soldiers from the 17th Battalion, with the assistance of aerial fire from a remotely manned aircraft and a combat helicopter, are exchanging fire with a number of terrorists held up in Ashkelon, a coastal city in southern Israel. The soldiers, according to the IDF, killed three terrorists in the industrial area of the city and were continuing to search the area as night fell.

Oct. 11, around 5 p.m.

The White House told ABC News Wednesday afternoon that the number of American citizens killed remains at least 22, but that the number of American citizens unaccounted for now stands at 17 instead of 20 as earlier reported.It was determined that some of those Americans who had been unaccounted for were "among the deceased," according to a spokesperson for the White House National Security Council, which provided the numbers.

Oct. 12

The confirmed number of Americans killed in Israel rises to 25, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken says during a joint news conference with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Israel.Blinken reiterated that Israel "has the right -- indeed, the obligation -- to defend itself" but that it was "so important to take every possible precaution to avoid harming civilians."

Oct. 12, just after 1 p.m. ET

The death toll of American citizens has risen to 27, John Kirby, spokesperson for the National Security Council, says at a White House briefing on Thursday afternoon. Fourteen Americans remain unaccounted for.。海外资产安全的内涵也随之发生变化。过去，海外投资安全主要关注东道国政治稳定、项目可持续经营以及人员和财产保护等。

二 | 当前，在全球产业链重构、产业政策竞争加剧和国际经贸规则分化的背景下，海外项目即使经营正常，也可能由于关键产能过度集中或者因东道国规则调整受到不同程度的冲击。　　联合国贸发会议指出，地缘政治分化、贸易碎片化和产业政策竞争正在重塑全球投资流向。近期，部分国家的政策调整具有警示意义。这提示我们：即使企业已经形成规模、成本和产业配套优势，只要资源获取、加工和关键中间品产能高度依赖同一东道国，其政策变化仍可能同时波及多个项目，并沿上下游产业链传导。不仅如此，中国企业海外资产布局中的三类结构性风险值得关注。因此，海外资产安全保障不能止于维持单个项目的持续经营，还应着眼于有效提升整个资产网络的韧性。　　中国企业全球资产布局面临三类结构性风险　　一是关键产业链空间集中所带来的系统性风险。产业集聚可以降低成本、共享基础设施共享和上下游协同。但当资源获取、生产加工、物流运输和关键中间品等功能持续集中于少数国家、地区或制度体系集中时，效率优势也可能会转化为结构性脆弱。一旦东道国调整政策，影响的不只是个别企业，而是多个相互关联的生产环节，冲击还会沿供应链传导至其他海外节点乃至国内产业。

三 | 企业依据市场条件作出的区位选择本身是理性的。但当大量企业作出相似选择，产业层面就可能形成短期内难以替代的功能集中。判断海外布局是否安全，不能只看资产分布于多少个国家，还要看不可替代的资源、技术、加工和市场功能是否集中在少数节点。　　二是海外投资深度嵌入所带来的战略回旋空间收窄风险。深度嵌入东道国有助于企业降低成本、建立合作关系并形成产业优势，但嵌入越深，调整区位和重新配置资产的成本可能越高。矿山、工业园、港口和能源设施等重资产项目，投资规模大、建设周期长，并与特定资源、基础设施和监管体系紧密相连。项目建成后，设备迁移、原料替换和产能转移都会受到很强的约束。如果企业在投资时只考虑如何进入，而没有预先考虑如何调整、替代和退出，已经形成的海外资产就可能由企业能力的载体转化为限制战略选择的约束。其影响不再局限于单个项目经营，而可能削弱我国对海外重要资产的保护、控制和再配置能力，压缩应对资源、产业和国际环境变化的战略空间。　　三是海外资产链高度关联所带来的制度风险跨境传导风险。中国企业的海外生产基地可能使用第三国技术和设备，通过国际金融中心融资，由跨国物流网络运输，最终面向多个市场销售。股权、技术、资金、数据、供应链和市场等联系，把地理上分散的资产连接成一个跨国网络。此时，一国贸易、投资、技术、数据或市场准入规则变化，可能沿企业控制关系和产业联系传导到其他国家。企业将产能转移至新的国家，可以分散地理风险，却未必能同步实现制度风险的分散。

四 | 在东道国合法经营，也不意味着其技术来源、融资渠道和产品市场不受其他法域规则影响。

五 | 海外资产联系越广、结构越复杂，局部制度冲击越可能演化为资产网络的联动风险。　　多措并举，着力提高海外资产网络韧性　　应对上述三类风险，需要在扩大高水平对外开放的同时，提高中国企业海外资产的配置质量和动态调整能力。

六 | 　　一是建立海外资产网络风险识别机制。除掌握投资规模、项目数量和经营收益之外，还要摸清资源、生产、研发、物流、数据、融资和市场等关键功能的全球分布及相互依赖关系。围绕重点产业开展压力测试，模拟单一国家政策调整、关键园区停产、物流通道中断、主要市场准入收紧等情景，评估资产网络的持续运营能力。　　二是把资产可调整性纳入海外投资决策前端。对建设周期长、区位专用性强的项目，在投资阶段同步评估资产集中度、设备可迁移性、供应替代性和退出成本，推广分阶段投资、模块化建设、多来源供应和备用物流安排。政策性金融和保险支持也应把项目的调整、替代和退出能力作为重要考量，防止短期成本优势固化为长期资产锁定。　　三是健全制度风险跨境传导预警机制。海外投资风险评估既要分析东道国营商环境，也要关注技术来源地、融资结算地、数据存储地和产品销售地的相关规则，识别各类资产联系及其风险传导路径。应整合驻外机构、行业部门、金融保险机构和专业服务机构的信息，形成重点行业规则数据库、风险传导图谱和情景预案。　　四是构建功能互补的全球资产组合。多元化布局不应是同类项目的简单分散，而应由不同节点分别承担核心生产、区域市场、弹性增产、技术研发和应急储备等功能。企业还应扩大本地就业，培育当地供应商，加强人才培训和环境治理，使海外项目更好融入东道国经济社会，为资产持续运营夯实社会基础。　　中国企业更好走向世界，既要有进入全球市场、配置全球资源的能力，也要有随国际环境变化及时调整，保护资产、维持经营和重新配置资源的能力。为此，海外资产安全保障应从单个项目延伸到资产网络，在开放中增强韧性，在发展中筑牢安全屏障。这是推动统筹高水平开放和高水平安全的重要着力点。（张思 刘梦 汪寿阳 作者单位：中国科学院大学经济与管理学院）。

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