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A |     　　银川8月24日电 (记者 于晶)8月24日，记者从宁东能源化工基地管理委员会获悉，工业和信息化部、财政部、国家发展改革委批复同意5个城市群开展国家氢能综合应用试点工作，宁东能源化工基地纳入黄河几字弯‑中原试点城市群，成为宁夏唯一入选区域，当地氢能产业正式迈入国家政策赋能、跨区域协同发展新阶段。　　此次获批开展氢能综合应用试点的城市群包括京津冀、大湾区、东北(含蒙东)‑长三角、新疆—成渝地区双城经济圈、黄河几字弯‑中原。    

    Schematic diagram of Milky Way Photo: Courtesy of Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO)
Chinese astronomers have discovered that the Milky Way is not a simple, smoothly warped disk, but contains widespread "wrinkle-like" structures resembling ripples on a water surface, providing new clues to understanding the galaxy's 3D structure and evolutionary history.
The discovery was made by a research team from the Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, using data from the "Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting" (MWISP) survey. The findings were published online titled "Widespread corrugations superimposed on the Galactic warp in the outer CO disk" in the journal Nature Astronomy on August 7.
For decades, astronomers have known that the Milky Way's disk is not perfectly flat. Instead, its outer regions are slightly bent upward on one side and downward on the other - a structure known as a galactic warp.
However, the latest study shows that this large-scale bending is not the whole story. Smaller-scale vertical fluctuations are also embedded within the warped disk, creating a more complicated 3D structure.
"In many illustrations and in the public imagination, the Milky Way looks like a flat vinyl record," Sun Yan, associate researcher at PMO and the first author of the paper, told the Global Times on Tuesday. "In reality, the outer part of the Milky Way is more like a record that has been heated and deformed, with one side lifted and the other side lowered. That is the warp. On top of this large-scale deformation, there are additional smaller waves, which we call corrugations," Sun explained.
Using a more everyday analogy, Sun compared the Milky Way's structure to a sea surface. The warp is like a large swell that changes the overall height of the ocean, while corrugations are smaller waves superimposed on that swell.
"The two structures exist together. In our data analysis, we first removed the large-scale warp model, which allowed us to reveal the smaller wave-like patterns hidden underneath," Sun said.
The research focused on the Milky Way's outer gas disk rather than the more familiar stellar disk. According to Sun, cold molecular gas and stars provide two complementary ways to study the galaxy.
"Molecular gas is a sensitive probe for studying the vertical structure and dynamics of the galactic disk because it is concentrated near the disk plane and responds strongly to disturbances," she said.
Molecular gas is also the raw material for star formation, meaning its distribution is closely connected with the formation of young stars. The researchers traced this gas through carbon monoxide (CO) emission, which can penetrate regions obscured by interstellar dust and provide a different perspective from optical observations of stars.
The breakthrough was made possible by the MWISP survey, conducted using China's 13.7-meter millimeter-wave telescope. 
"MWISP can be understood as giving the Milky Way a large-scale medical examination using millimeter-wave observations," Sun said.
Previous CO surveys were limited in sensitivity and coverage, making it difficult to accurately study the distant outer regions of the galaxy. In contrast, the latest study identified more than 30,000 molecular cloud samples, covering about half of the Milky Way's outer disk and extending to a distance of about 26 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center.
With such a large dataset, researchers were able to first establish a model of the overall warp and then separate subtle structures from the background. The newly identified corrugations have radial wavelengths of about 3.9-7.9 kiloparsecs and vertical amplitudes of about 100-200 parsecs.
The study also identified a corrugation structure extending about 40 kiloparsecs in azimuth at a distance of around 12.7 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center. In some spiral arm regions, vertical displacements can reach approximately 200 parsecs.
The researchers believe these large-scale vertical fluctuations are likely related to "bending waves" triggered by external gravitational disturbances, suggesting that the Milky Way might have experienced more complex interactions during its evolutionary history.
Although the newly discovered structures sound dramatic, they do not have any direct impact on Earth or the solar system. "Humans cannot directly sense these corrugations," Sun said. "Their scales reach thousands or even tens of thousands of light-years, and even if these structures are evolving, such changes would not be directly perceptible on human timescales."
The study focuses on the outer disk of the Milky Way and does not include the region around the solar system. "There is currently no evidence that these structures have any observable influence on Earth's environment," Sun said.
Instead, their significance lies in what they reveal about the past. Like geological layers recording Earth's history, these galactic structures preserve traces of the Milky Way's evolutionary journey, the researchers explained.
Researchers said future studies combining more precise motion measurements and numerical simulations could further reveal the origins of these structures and their role in the long-term evolution of the Milky Way.
。宁东基地作为国家重要能源基地、国家级现代煤化工产业示范区，氢能产业起步早、基础雄厚，现已建成“制储输用”全链条完整产业链。

B | 　　截至目前，宁东基地绿氢产能达到2.8万吨，规模位列全国第三。宝丰太阳能电解水制氢储能及综合应用示范、国能绿氢宁东可再生氢碳减排示范区等一批标杆项目先后投产运行。其中，国能绿氢项目在国内率先打通绿氢“制储输用”全产业链闭环，绿氢耦合煤制合成氨装置已连续安全稳定运行超700天，累计消纳绿氢1850余吨，实现二氧化碳减排3.52万吨。

C | 　　宁东基地煤化工产业年用氢规模达296万吨，绿氢替代市场潜力巨大。交通场景方面，常态化投运氢能重卡、公交共70辆，配套建成3座加氢站、4条输氢管道，初步构建起绿氢耦合煤化工、氢能交通、天然气掺氢、储氢材料研发制造协同发展的多元产业生态。　　依托黄河几字弯‑中原城市群试点协同平台，宁东基地将强化与黄河沿线城市产业联动，聚焦绿氢制备技术攻关、输氢管网互联互通、工业场景规模化应用等关键领域攻坚，推动现代煤化工与绿氢深度耦合。按照试点部署，基地将立足绿氢耦合煤化工特色示范，不断提升绿氢在煤制油、煤制烯烃、煤制乙二醇、煤制合成氨等核心工艺的替代比重，探索形成煤化工行业降碳可复制、可推广实践路径，助力黄河流域能源产业绿色低碳转型。

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